Calculation of profitability of the enterprise: basic indicators.

Any enterprise must necessarily be exposedevaluation from different points of view and for various purposes: for making certain managerial decisions, determining the degree of investment attractiveness and the like. One of the parties, the assessment of which is mandatory - is the efficiency of the activity. For this purpose, the profitability and profitability of the enterprise are analyzed.

The profitability of the enterprise is thatobviously from the name itself, its ability to make a profit. The concept of profitability of the enterprise, in turn, characterizes a specific level of profitability. It is clear that the very fact of profitability does not allow you to accurately assess the effectiveness, so to make decisions, it is the calculation of the profitability of the enterprise.

Any profitability indicators are calculated bythe same method, undergoing only small changes. These indicators are relative, therefore, and they are defined as a ratio. The formula of each of them is a fraction, in the numerator of which there is profit, and in the denominator it is the indicator whose profitability is subjected to study. It is worth noting that the calculation of the profitability of the enterprise can be made in coefficients, but more often the result of calculations is increased by a hundred times, obtaining a percentage result.

Perhaps, it is necessary to stop on whatprofitability indicators are calculated most often. Obviously, the necessary information is taken from the forms of accounting. Profit is present in the calculation of all indicators, so first consider those that can be determined only from the profit and loss account. The greatest interest in this case will be represented by the profitability of sales and products. The first indicator is determined by the ratio of profit to the revenue received. Obviously, he characterizes the share of profits in this very revenue. As for the profitability of products, the denominator of this indicator is the cost price. The meaning of its calculation is to determine the magnitude of the profit that each ruble of realized production costs brings.

The calculation of the profitability of the enterprise would be incompletewithout assessing the effectiveness of the use of its property. The property of the enterprise, as you know, is represented in the asset of the balance sheet. The effectiveness of the use of property is determined by calculating the profitability of assets both in general and in separate groups. Accordingly, to determine the level of profitability, it is necessary to divide the profit by the sum of all assets (the balance sheet total) or to the value of current or non-current assets.

Considering the indicators of profitability, we do nothave stopped on what profit index should be used at their definition. Most often, net profit is used, since it is the final financial result. However, in a number of cases recourse is made to the calculation on the basis of other indicators of profit. So, the profitability of sales can be calculated on the basis of profit from sales, and the profitability of assets is often calculated on profit before tax. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to choose exactly the indicator that, in economic terms, is most suitable for the calculated coefficient of profitability. In addition, this or that kind of profit allows you to take into account the influence of certain factors, but not take into account other, less significant.

Be sure to keep in mind that the calculationprofitability of the enterprise should be supplemented by analysis. The most commonly used method of analysis are comparisons. The profitability of the enterprise can be considered in dynamics, comparing with the indicators of previous periods. In addition, it makes sense to make comparisons with similar indicators of other similar enterprises or with industry average values. A more complex method is factor analysis. Its use makes it possible to assess the specific quantitative impact on certain indicators of the profitability of individual factors and their aggregate.