Stone cutting machine: description, specifications, types

Artificial materials in the form of syntheticplastics in many areas successfully replace solid-state products. If before metal and stone constructions demonstrated unique qualities of density and rigidity of the structure, today these properties are also repeated by composite elements. But the texture and overall aesthetic qualities of granite or marble remain unattainable, which determines their relevance even against the background of the development of artificial substitutes. At the same time, technologies that allow efficient processing of solid-state material do not lose their relevance. In the market, the machine for cutting stone is represented in a variety of design options, which allows for each case to choose the optimal model.

Functions of the machine for cutting stone

Thanks to the possibility of adjusting the parameterscutting modern units of this type allow you to cope with a wide range of building materials. First of all, it is a natural stone. Universal machines allow it to process in several profile profile configurations. The operator can adjust the slope of the cutting element and change its height, which allows the output of the product with a non-standard shape. In the newest modifications, special modes of working with templates are provided, the use of which facilitates the tasks of the user. In addition, the universal machine for cutting tiles, stone and concrete can also be used in working with soft materials. If solid-state billets are characterized by high rigidity and density, making processing difficult, then soft building materials presuppose other nuances of cutting. In particular, a rough and high-performance machine will not allow you to get an accurate and accurate cut. For a stone, this is not a problem, since in the future grinding operations will still follow, but for plastics and wood it is desirable to initially use the delicate treatment mode.

Types of equipment

There are two main categories of machines,designed for cutting stone. These are aggregates working on abrasives, and traditional equipment with circular saws. The first group can include sandblasting and hydroabrasive devices, which ensure high accuracy of processing, coupled with productivity. Sandblasting units use an air jet as a working medium, which is supplemented by a sand base. Feeded under a high pressure stream and carries out the cutting of the material. A hydroabrasive technique works on a similar principle, but in this case an aqueous carrier of abrasive is used instead of air. On diamond discs, a stone cutting machine with water supply, which functions as a cooling device, usually works. The most perfect technique of this type is the laser, which is characterized by high cutting accuracy without mechanical impact.

Basic characteristics of machine tools

In terms of process efficiencyit is important to take into account the speed of the cutting, the permissible parameters of the workpiece, the machine's power parameters, the accuracy of the positioning of the working element and ergonomics. Traditional disk cutters are able to work with a depth of about 10 cm, and the length can be 50 cm. As for the power of the power unit, it is on average 2-3 kW. In terms of saving energy consumption, laser cutting machines of natural stone, which also have a high processing speed, show themselves well. Hydroabrasive models are also beneficial due to low power consumption and the ability to cut material up to 30 cm thick. However, in the convenience of maintenance, such machines lose to sandblasting machines due to the necessity of supplying a source with clean water.

Characteristics of the cutting element

In the case of laser and abrasive aggregatesthe working elements are in some way absent, and the direct cutting is carried out as a result of the influence of the formed working medium. But in equipping diamond disk machines a wide variety of functional elements is observed, the parameters of which, by the way, determine the size and quality of the cut. A typical machine for cutting this type of stone works with disks whose diameter is on average 35 cm. This is the optimal size if slabs are to be formed from a single file. Sometimes people who want to acquire such equipment buy disks with a margin, but this is an unreasonable solution. In order to save energy, it is advisable to use a snap that best matches the parameters of the workpiece.

Automation of machine tools

A lot of modern machines for processingstone receives automatic control systems. Actually, the lowest level of automation is represented by units with simple control relays for a narrow set of functions. In recent versions, manufacturers are trying to use already programmable logic controllers, when working with which the operator's tasks are minimized. Based on the algorithms embedded in the system, the stone cutting machine performs a full cycle of operations. Advanced technologies demonstrate the capabilities of machines of a different level. These are CNC models that independently calculate the cutting parameters based on the tasks assigned by the operator. Such an aggregate is also able to work with computer models and graphs.

Homemade stone cutting machine

The most affordable option for implementing such aThe idea is a disk unit. It can be made from three main components - power filler, frame frame and directly working element in the form of a disk, which is purchased in the store as an expendable material. The work of the mechanisms is provided by the engine. Suitable single-phase unit with a power of about 750 watts. In its equipment will also enter the shaft and hub, which should be finalized for optimal fit in the future table top. The platform should be made of three-millimeter steel sheets, which will make it possible to make a machine for cutting a stone more reliable. With your hands, you can also assemble a tank for water tank. In the future, it should be suspended over the structure - this will be the same cooling system for overheating working elements.

Conclusion

Stone is one of the most difficult inprocessing of materials. Much depends on the specific rock, but in general, by characteristics, it is comparable with solid metals. Nevertheless, a properly selected stone cutting machine will allow you to cope with the tasks for cutting without any unnecessary problems. For the most complex operations it is recommended to purchase models with automatic control systems. They will provide high accuracy of processing with minimum costs and at high process speed. If we are talking about the occasional performance of such measures, then it makes sense to limit ourselves to the use of a self-made unit.