Language facilities as a sign of the richness of the language
The fact that the Russian language is one of the mostexpressive, children know from elementary school. But at the expense of what is the imagery of our speech achieved? For the best expression of thoughts there are language means. It is they that allow not only to transmit information, but to do it brightly, colorfully or, conversely, dryly and academically.
In our language there are styles of speech, each of which has its own purpose. The name "functional" styles of the literary language were obtained because they fulfill a certain role.
Conversational style helps communicate in everyday life.Scientific services scientific work, research, etc. For communication of institutions and citizens, the official and business style serves, and for public relations work, the propaganda is publicistic. Artistic style, the richest and most emotional, is the language of artistic works.
Styles of the literary language have their differences, their own set of expressive means, their genres. For example, some features of the journalistic style are as follows:
- Relevance. Journalists are simply obliged to respond to the most modern events.
- Latitude of subjects. The theme of journalism can be science, relations (personal, social), history, etc.
- Lexical latitude and saturation. Words are selected according to the topic.
- The use of neologisms: phraseological, lexical, word-building
Only after making a full analysis of the text, analyzing its language tools, themes, genres, you can determine the style affiliation.
The most passionate, most expressive isart style. Inside the work there can be elements of all other styles. Language means are presented here especially widely, because they help to convey the emotionality of speech, its stylistic coloring, identity.
To get acquainted with the full range of such funds inthe limits of one article is impossible: it is a very voluminous and saturated course. Let's enumerate only the most popular language means of artistic representativeness.
One of them is a path, i.words that are used in a figurative meaning. The main difference is the shift in its semantics. For example, a rude and hamovitogo person is often called Sobakevich. Initially, this surname pointed to the Gogol character, which is distinguished by these qualities. Another kind of tropes is a figurative meaning. It can be a metaphor (transfer by similarity), metonymy (by contiguity), oxymoron (in contrast).
Examples. The golden grove is cold in the wind (metaphor). He ate as many as three plates (metonymy). I drink only cold boiling water, i.e. cooled boiled water (oxymoron).
To be bright, in one wordcharacterize the object or phenomenon, give it significance or see with author's eyes, use the epithet: the sky was slowly tightened with leaden clouds, and the number of gold stars was getting smaller.
It is very convenient to express your own opinion,describe objects or draw entire verbal pictures with the help of comparisons. There are several species. Ivan, huge and kind, looks like a brown bear. The puppy, like a ball, rolled off the hillock. The building is thundering thunder more loudly.
Special emotionality of speech is given by hyperboles (exaggerations) or litoses (understatements). On the edge of the Earth, say a million times (hyp.), Go out for a second, peasant-with-nails (lit.).
The grotesque is almost unused today. The most striking example of a combination in one text of the funny and terrible is Gogol's "Notes of a Madman".
Another means of expressiveness is the paraphrase. Expressions such as black gold (oil), white gold (cotton), the king of animals (lion) helps avoid repetition, describe the value of the object.
Of course, this is not all language tools.There are also author's neologisms, allegories, speech techniques such as syntactic parallelism, inversions. And many others. All of them provide the expressiveness, originality of the Russian language, making it the most complicated, but the most beautiful phenomenon.
