The philosophy of Leibniz - the theory of monads
Leibniz is a unique scientist and mathematician, lawyer andphilosopher. He was born and lived in Germany. He is now called one of the brightest representatives of modern times in the field of philosophy. It is believed that the philosophy of Leibniz has a direction of rationalism. It is based on two main problems: cognition and substance.
Descartes and Spinoza
The philosophy of Leibniz includes manyconcepts. Before creating his "child", Leibniz studied the theory of Spinoza and Descartes thoroughly. The German philosopher came to the conclusion that they are imperfect and rational completely. Thus the idea of creating Leibniz's own philosophy was born.
Leibniz refuted Descartes' theory of dualism,which was based on the separation of substances into higher and lower. The first implied an independent substance, that is, God and those whom he created. The lower division meant material and spiritual creatures.
Spinoza at one time combined all the substances inone, thereby also proving the unfaithfulness of dualism. However, the philosophy of Leibniz showed that the modes of a single substance of Spinoza are nothing but the dualism of Descartes.
Thus appeared the philosophy of Leibniz, briefly which can be called so: the theory of the multiplicity of substances.
Simplicity and complexity of monads
Monad - simple and complex at the same time. The philosophy of Leibniz not only does not explain the nature of these contradictions, but also strengthens it: simplicity is absolute, and complexity is infinite. In general, the monad is an entity, something spiritual. It can not be touched or touched. A striking example is the human soul, which is simple, that is, indivisible, and complex, that is, rich and diverse.
The essence of the monad
Philosophy of G.V. Leibniz argues that the monad is an independent substance that is characterized by strength, movement and speed. However, each of these concepts can not be characterized from the material side, and hence the monad itself is not a material entity.
Individuality of the monad
Each monad is exclusively individual and original. The philosophy of Leibniz concisely states that all objects have differences and differences. The basis of the theory of monads is the principle of the identity of indistinguishability.
Leibniz himself explained this simply enoughthe position of his theory. Most often, as an example, he brought an ordinary tree with leaves and asked the listeners to find two identical sheets. Of course, these were not. Hence the logical conclusion about a qualitative approach to the world, the individuality of each of the objects, both material and psychological.
The philosophy of the modern time was based, Leibnizwas a bright representative of her, talking about the meaning of the unconscious in our lives. Leibniz stressed that we are governed by infinitesimal phenomena that we perceive at the unconscious level. Hence the logical consequence of the principle of gradualness. It is a law of continuity and states that transitions from one object or event to another proceed monotonously and continuously.
Closed Monad
The philosophy of Leibniz included thisconcept, as closure. The philosopher himself often stressed that the monad is closed to itself, that is, there are no channels through which something can enter or leave it. In other words, there is no possibility of contacting any monad. So is the human soul. She has no visible contact other than God.
The Mirror of the Universe
The philosophy of Leibniz stressed that the monad is simultaneously limited to everything and is connected with everything. Duality can be traced in the whole theory of monads.
Leibniz said that the monad completely reflectswhat is happening. In other words, small changes in general pull for themselves the smallest changes and the monad itself. So the idea of a pre-established harmony was born. That is, the monad is alive, and its wealth is an infinitely simple unity.
conclusions
The philosophy of Leibniz, like every one of hisprinciples, is unusually understandable at first glance and multifaceted, if it is deepened. It simultaneously explains our conception of something and the content of our life from its psychic side.
Representation is presented in a spiritual form, asis the nature of the monad. Monads can be called any object, but the differences will appear in the clarity and clarity of the presentation. For example, a stone is a vague monad, and God is a monad of all monads.
Our world is a monad, which consists of monads. And besides them there is nothing else. Our world is the only possible, and therefore the best. Each monad lives its life in accordance with the program that is embedded in it by God the Creator. These programs are completely different, but their consistency is amazing. Every event on our earth is coordinated.
The philosophy of Leibniz briefly says that we live the best possible life in a better world. The theory of monads allows us to assume that we are the chosen ones.
