Great mathematicians of Russia and their discoveries

Many Russian scientists have achieved successrecognized internationally. Often their main sphere became the exact sciences, for example, mathematics. The best specialists in this direction have made many of the most important discoveries, their inventions are used in different countries of the world. What great mathematicians of Russia should be known to everyone?

Pavel Alexandrov

The future scientist was born in the cityBogorodsk, today - Noginsk. Educated at the gymnasium, where he immediately began to show a penchant for mathematics, which was carried away under the influence of the teacher Alexander Eigs. One day a teacher told school students about Lobachevsky and young Alexandrov immediately decided to study geometry. In search of knowledge, he entered the university in Moscow. There he began to study the "problem of the continuum", but unsuccessful attempts for some time disappointed him. However, the problem was not solved even by other famous scientists of mathematics. The world of pedagogy attracted Alexandrov for a couple of years, but then he returned to his beloved science. He laid the foundations of the abstract topology - his scientific work serves as a base for specialists all over the world. In addition, for thirty years Alexandrov headed the mathematical society, which published the magazine with the latest discoveries. His achievements are recognized by other countries as well. Pavel was elected an honorary member of the Göttingen, American and Berlin Academies of Sciences.

Ivan Vinogradov

Even the most famous mathematics of Russia is not alwaysmade a splash in the scientific world - to some recognition came gradually. Quite differently, everything happened with Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov. He managed to prove the problem of Goldbach and at one point became famous. According to the theorem, starting beyond a certain value, any odd number is the sum of three primes. In addition, from the calculations of Vinogradov it can be understood that there is a solution for even ones. Such numbers represent the sum of four prime. What is interesting: Goldbach did not even raise this question. Vinogradov also owns about one hundred and twenty scientific papers. They made him a real star, bringing him such glory, which not all great mathematicians can boast. The history of mathematics retains his memory as an outstanding scientist and honorary member of scientific societies and academies around the world.

Mstislav Keldysh

Many great mathematicians of Russia showed theiramazing ability at a fairly early age. So Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh - he received the title of academician already in 35 years. Such achievements are quite expected - the scientist was distinguished by an incredible capacity for work and real talent. Already by the age of 16 he graduated from school and decided to enter the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. After training, he went into aviation, where in four years he had completed a number of major scientific experiments and received a degree. For his success in the field of aircraft Keldysh earned several state awards. He was able to calculate ways to eliminate vibrations in the wings and wheels during run, takeoff and landing. Based on his calculations, a speedboat was created. In addition, Keldysh made important observations in computational mathematics.

Sofia Kovalevskaya

A list in which greatfemale mathematicians of Russia cannot be complete without this name. Sofia Kovalevskaya - the most famous scholar of the country. Since childhood, she was not like other children, preferring all the fun of thinking. She decided to study mathematics in order to deal with it with other secrets of the universe. The wall of the children's room of Sophia was plastered with sheets of the textbook of Ostrogradsky, which was the first to introduce the girl to the world of science. Then she began to study the book of Professor Tyrtov, through which she learned the basics of physics and trigonometry. Thus began her journey to science, but in the homeland it was impossible to get an adequate education for a woman, and she went abroad, to Berlin. Scientific works brought Sophia Ph.D. degree, she made a number of outstanding discoveries and became a celebrity to the whole world.

Andrey Kolmogorov

Gallery of great mathematicians can not be completewithout this scientist. He became the first representative of cybernetics, created world-famous works, applying scientific analysis to literary works. He began to study mathematics at the university, in addition, he wrote various works on philosophy and logic. Kolmogorov's contribution to cybernetics was noted not only at home, but also abroad - he was accepted to the Polish and Romanian Academy of Sciences, and also received a doctorate degree from the University of Paris. He developed the foundations of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics not only advanced the knowledge of mankind, but also helped many students of Kolmogorov to achieve significant success in his own career.

Alexey Krylov

The boy grew up in a rather poor family - hisA favorite toy was an ax. Little Alyosha was entertained by chopping wood from wood. Relatives often thought that such a child would make a robber, but everything turned out quite differently. He decided to become an engineer, and for this he needed a mathematician. Krylov began self-study and by the age of 15 had mastered a serious stock of knowledge. During training, he hit professors and stood out among fellow practitioners. Krylov went to the Geographic Department for service, where he wrote a scientific work on compasses, and then decided to engage in shipbuilding. Many great Russian scientists and mathematicians were theorists, and only a few are distinguished by their narrow practical specialization. Krylov is one of them. For the ship case, his knowledge was key. His works, combining mathematical theory with engineering practice, serve as the basis now. In addition, he conducted a series of successful studies. His main works on the structure of the ship are used in shipbuilding to this day, and not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world.

Yuri Linnik

Many great mathematicians of Russia worked inearly and mid twentieth century. This also applies to Yuri Linnik, who graduated from Leningrad University in 1938, shortly after which he published a paper on the Frobenius theorem. By 1943 he already had the title of professor. Awesome work in the field of number theory made him a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. He devoted all his life to solving the most complicated problems, trying to find the simplest methods for them. Among other things, he sorted out several important questions of the theory of probability, having studied more deeply the foundations created by the British Hardy and Littlewood. He formulated a theorem that a large natural number can always be represented as the sum of a prime number and two natural numbers squared. The name of Yuri Linnik is known to mathematicians around the world.

Alexander Lyapunov

Many great mathematicians of Russia studied inPetersburg University. Alexander Lyapunov was also his graduate. For scientific work, written in the fourth year, he received a gold medal. Lyapunov was distinguished by phenomenal performance. In addition, he was a talented teacher - the students noted that in a short lecture he was able to tell what remained unfamiliar even to the best students of the course, going far beyond the program. Alexander Mikhailovich Lyapunov developed many assumptions about the stability and equilibrium of moving mechanical systems, developed laws by which it is possible to determine the shape of the surface of a rotating fluid and derived the basis for managing production processes that are still used today. Finally, Lyapunov wrote several works on probability theory, mathematical physics and other key areas of science.