Public division of labor
The division of labor is a process that developshistorically through the separation, modification and consolidation of certain activities. It is realized in the society in the form of the fulfillment by its members of various works.
In ancient times people were forced to provide everything toyourself. This was so inefficient and only contributed to the preservation of primitive life, that even then the first social division of labor occurred. It became possible due to the appearance of trade. More on this you can read at the beginning of Adam Smith's treatise.
A distinction is made between the social division of labor andinternational. The latter kind is a way of organizing the economy in the world, when each of the countries specializes in the production of a specific type of services or goods, and then exchanges them. And the social division of labor is when social functions are shared among members of society. In the first place, two large groups can be distinguished: managerial work and productive.
The basic principle of the division of labor is the combination of the specialization of a specific employee with the increase of his technical level, and hence, productivity.
The faster the development of newtechnologies, the more complex the processes in production become. The social division of labor must correspond to them, do not stand still, but also develop and deepen. This is due to the fact that its forms affect many aspects: the equipment of places for work, their maintenance, and specialization. Also, the methods and methods of labor and its norms depend on them. Different forms of its division and cooperation ensure a uniform load on the workers, synchronization of their work.
The essence of the division of labor consists in the allocation of suchtypes of work, which are not the whole production process, and some of its parts are assigned to specific employees. This is done in order to be able to perform various operations in parallel. In addition, it speeds up the acquisition of skills by workers.
Simultaneously at the enterprise, the social division of labor can take place in such forms: subject, technological, functional, program-target, qualification and professional.
When the production process is divided intoseparate technological operations, phases or stages, there is a technological division of labor. It depends on the type of work and is operational, subject and sub-stage.
The division of labor is functional when a particular type of work is performed by a group of employees who specialize in performing certain functions.
The professional division of labor depends on the type of profession acquired by specialists. Workers carry out in their place only the type of work that lies within the acquired profession.
The division of labor qualification is caused by differences in the level of knowledge and experience of workers.
The production of specific types of products by the employees and divisions at the workplace causes a division of labor. It can be, for example, details, products, knots.
The essence of the linear division of labor (which enters into the functional) consists in the establishment of managers at a certain object (shop, section). Their rights, roles and responsibilities are clearly delineated.
Formation of workers from groups to solve specific problems forms a program-target division of labor. In practice, it looks like a complete set of collectives (creative, labor) for a while.
On what form of division of labor to choose,affects the type of production, the volume of output that is produced, its complexity and other factors. Such features cause, in turn, certain limits of labor.
