Types and means of communication

The concept of communication is one of the mainterms in psychology, and for that there are reasons. It is in communication that a person realizes himself as a person, personal values ​​are formed, thinking, self-consciousness develops, and people perceive themselves as a full member of a single community.

Usually a person considers communication onlya direct verbal dialogue between two people or in a group. But it is worth thinking about, and we understand that communication is a deeper and multifaceted process. It implies not only verbal contact as a means of communicating information. People are in constant interaction with each other, have a certain effect on the personality, changing and improving both the society as a whole, and individual individuals.

Types of communication

There are several classifications of types of communication: the way information is transmitted, by purpose, by means, etc.

By the method of information transfer:

• Verbal.
• Nonverbal.

By purpose:

• Business and management communication. It is aimed at the regulation and management of work processes or organization.
• The personal. Communication, focused on personal contact. More emotional.
• Cognitive (cognitive, educational).
• Spiritual, interpersonal. Deep emotional communication between people.
• Manipulative. Type of communication, in the process of which a person deliberately achieves a certain benefit from the interlocutor.
• Secular. Communication on the accepted topics. People do not talk about their own experiences or relationships. This is a formal contact.

Depending on the means of communication:

• Direct (direct). Personal communication, involving direct contact and perception of each other's people. It occurs directly with the help of speech, hearing and allows you to immediately receive a response or response.
• Mediated. Communication occurs with the use of special objects, tools or tools. This can be a letter, an audio recording, a video, etc. An example is social networks.

Communication Functions

Different psychological schools distinguish different number of functions that the process of communication performs. However, in each of the existing classifications, there are three main ones:

• communicative information,
• regulatory,
• affective-communicative.

Communicative function of communication allows himact as a means by which people can exchange different information, their own ideas, experiences, impressions, knowledge. In the process of communication, the received information is perceived, accepted and transmitted further.

Regulatory function of communication is manifested inchange, correction of people's behavior in the process of interaction, development and organization of joint activities. In the process of communication, a person can consciously or unconsciously influence the behavior and activities of a partner.

Affective function is directly related to feelingsand human emotions, the regulation of processes affecting the emotional sphere. In the process of emotional communication there is a rapprochement or, on the contrary, interest to the interlocutor dies away.

Means of communication

When we say this term, we mean any means of communicating information that allows us to carry out the communication process at the proper level.

Like communication itself, its means are also divided into verbal and non-verbal.

In addition, there are a number of classifications that separate the means of communication on various grounds. Thus, MI Lisina singles out:

• expressive-mimic means (views, facial expressions);
• subject-efficient (postures, gestures);
• speech communication tools (words, speech structure and manner of presentation).
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