Old hunting guns (photo). Can I register an old gun? Caring for old guns. The oldest pneumatic guns

Not only in the museum you can find old today.shotguns. Such a rarity is kept in many families where hunters once lived. One they inherited, others found it after the death of a grandmother or grandfather, and someone just “sick” with such weapons and buys it as soon as possible.

Pluses old gun

Faced with the opportunity to purchase the olda gun or use it, a person compares it with new products. Experience shows that a new copy is not always better than its fellow with a half-century history. The fact is that with careful use, proper storage and proper care, the life of the old hunting rifle is extended.

There is one more important factor directlyaffecting the quality of the manufactured trunk. The current guns are produced massively on the machines, without the use of manual labor of specialists. This product has no soul. The old hunting rifles, even commercially produced in the first half of the twentieth century, have a quality much higher than modern analogues, akin to piece-making in today's realities.

That is why avid hunters tryacquire a gun, the year of which belongs to the first half of the twentieth century (and maybe by the end of the nineteenth). They consider: with all the effectiveness of modern technology, the professionalism of the gunsmiths cannot be replaced.

Old guns are divided by type by visible criteria. Consider some of them: with reclining and non-reclining trunks; with one or two trunks; with and without triggers.

Popular single columns

The end of the nineteenth - the beginning of the twentieth centuriescharacterized by the fact that in the hands of hunters turned out to be a lot of converted weapons. People called them "Berdans." These were smooth-bore rifles with a non-reclining barrel. Remade army rifles such as "Berdan-2" or three-line Mosin. The best alterations produced Izhevsk and Tula plants. From rifles "Berdan-2" obtained single-shot rifles of 16, 20, 24 or 28 calibers. The length of the trunk varied from 68 to 69 cm, the weight remained from 2.6 to 2.9 kg.

Mosin rifle designer Frolov managedcreate rifles single-shot 20 and 24 calibers and store-28 (two cartridges) and 32 (three cartridges) caliber. "Frolovka" was slightly heavier than berdans (minimum 2.8 kg, maximum 3 kg.). After the war, they began to produce the P-32, a single-charge model of 32 caliber. By 1948, their release was suspended. These hunting rifles were cheap, but their characteristics were not very high. Therefore, they were quickly replaced by new models.

Single barrel old hunting rifles withreclining barrel can be kurkovymi and beskurkovym. In the 20s of the twentieth century, the IL-5 model with the upper release lever was put into serial production. It was made and Izhevsk, and Tula factories. Single-gauge caliber is 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28.

After the war, the Izhevsk plant adjusted productionsingle-barreled 16, 20, 28 and 32 calibers with a lower unlocking lever (LC, IZhK). The next model - IL-17 - was produced in large quantities and to this day remains in the service of trappers.

Single-bar single-barrels produced in ourcountry only after the war. These are models of ZKB and IZhB. In the early sixties, IL-18 was designed on their base. In various versions, such a gun is still being produced in Ustinov at the Mechanical Plant. According to the experience of skilled hunters, it can be argued that the old single-barrel rifles are in many ways superior to their modern counterparts.

Common shotguns

Despite the charms of single-barreled weapons,gained great popularity of double-barreled old guns. Their release, which began at the dawn of the twentieth century, lasted until the eighties. First produced guns model B, then from the end of the fifties - BM. The caliber of the predominant majority was the 16th, a little of the 20th and even less than the 12th. TOZ-63 models produced 16 and 20 calibers, TOZ-66 - 12, TOZ-54 - mainly 12 calibers. Such weapons are suitable for both shot and shot, and for bullets. Fishermen and amateurs note its suitability for any kind of hunting, ease of operation, reliability.

In the Kursk dvuhstvol Tula productionmuzzle devices are varied. Usually the right barrel is a cylinder with a pressure, a cylinder, pay; left barrel - choke or payday. The length of the trunks is 70-72 cm. The trunks are locked with a Greener bolt and onto the two lower hooks. The padlock of the gun has external triggers and two triggers. Trigger and impact mechanisms are installed on the keyboards. The hammers have a safety platoon, with their manual erection, the combat springs are injected. Usually a gun bed was made of birch or beech, sometimes of walnut. The weight of the gun is about three kilograms.

Izhevsk plant produced double-barreled barrels withreclining trunks. For ten years (1936-1946), the IZHB-36 model was produced in large quantities with locks on the side boards. The modified IZhB-36M series was produced only in 1947. These are products with triple locking, automatic safety, detachable handguard, 12 gauge. Old guns are comfortable and durable in operation.

After the transfer of monopoly on productionIzhevsk Mechanical Plant launched the IZH-49 model in mass production. This is a double-barreled shotgun of 12 or 16 calibers (a small party produced a 20-gauge).

Product characteristics changed in 1954,when, taking into account the recommendations of the hunters, released a modified model IL-54. The widespread 12 gauge had a barrel length of 750 mm (later - 730 mm). The length of the chamber - seven centimeters. Muzzle constricts have a parabolic shape: in the right trunk - pay 0.5 plus or minus 0.05 mm; in the left barrel - full choke 1.0 plus or minus 0.05 mm. Unlocking lever on top. The gun with triple locking. The trigger mechanism is installed on a separate basis. Heads and hammers mounted in brandtrubke. When you open the gun triggers cocked. After striking the hammer on the striker, he returns to the end position, releasing the striker. The fuse automatically locks the trigger and whispered. This prevents accidental shot when you hit the gun. Handguard with lever type latch, detachable. Gun weight 3.2-3.6 kg. The design withstands 7500 shots without consequences.

The IL-54 model was the first mass-produced shotgun in the USSR. This old trigger gun reliably and gained unprecedented distribution among hunters.

A double barrel without a hammer, created in Tula, is notgained such popularity. The Tula Arms Factory was famous for its vertically positioned guns. The Tula vertical station MTs6 and Izhevsk Izh-12 had many common features. Such guns fell in love with hunters. With them you can hunt and waterfowl, and small animals (hare, fox). They are reliable in hunting predators (wolf, bear) and ungulates. The lower barrel is great for using bullets. Now produce model IL-27, which is a modification of IL-12.

Today, old IL guns continue to useimmensely popular. On a special account is the model IL-56 (modifications 1, 2, 3) "Squirrel". One external trigger of this model works on both trunks. To switch from one barrel to another, just press the button located on the shank of the shoe. The last modification was distinguished by the fact that a rifled barrel for chuck 5 and 6 mm caliber is located above the smooth barrel.

Most of the described models have long ceasedrelease. But often you can see hunters who use old guns. You can see photos of similar copies in the article. Such guns do not just lie in the safe, but they smoothly cope with the performance of their function.

Old hunting pneumatics

One of the directions of hunting trunks isold air rifles. Air rifles manufactured by Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, have become a global brand. Customers from all CIS countries treat this type of weapon with great respect and appreciation. Many made their first shot precisely of an air rifle. It is easy to operate, reliable in aiming and durable to use. The Izhevsk rifle is ideal for shooting training and is indispensable for hunting.

Depending on the caliber you can count oncertain prey. So, with a caliber of 4.5 mm, you can count on a duck or a thrush when it hits the body, on a goose, pheasant, black grouse or a hare if it hits the head. A novice hunter can hit a game from a distance of no more than sixty meters (although everything is individual here).

Laws of the Russian Federation impose restrictionsfor hunting air rifles. These include: muzzle energy of not more than 25 J; the owner’s age is at least 18 years old (allowed from 16 years in the Tyumen and Tomsk regions); registration within two weeks; prohibition to install silencers. It is important to remember that old airguns from precision gauge lose accuracy, but increase lethal force. At the same time, the barrel becomes heavier and wears faster.

Features of choice

If a person decided to purchase an old huntinga gun, he must be clear about what makes a purchase. It is one thing to hang it on the wall and admire your collection. To do this, carefully enough to inspect the old guns. Photos of their appearance will also be enough. And quite another - to use for its intended purpose. Although the old guns are legendary, the buyer should worry about their safety and carefully inspect the subject of purchase.

Inspection gun should start with the forehead pads. The gases which are bursting during the shot from the capsule fall on the metal in the block and lead to its corrosion. This is observed in the formed burnout ring and in caverns near the striker. The same gases thin the striker. When using a gun with such flaws, it is possible that a gas breakthrough may occur, which may result in damage to it (for example, a breakthrough of the lodge at the junction point) or an arrow wound.

The next factor: critical shat barrels in the block. It can be determined by the presence of gaps between the block and the trunks. With sufficient wear and tear, there is an increase in shock load, which leads to gaps in the locking points. As a result, transverse play of the shafts is observed. The number of gaps that appear can lead to the opening of the gun or rupture of the barrels. A person at the same time risks serious injury.

The most dangerous failure of the locking device ordraft spring shutter. It is the force of the spring that determines the reliability of fixing the striker plate. Lack of reliable constipation increases the risk of spontaneous disclosure of the gun. Departure of the liner, emission of gas, rupture of the muzzle determine the possibility of harm to the shooting hunter.

Trunk flaws

With prolonged use of the gun observedmetal fatigue. This is a result of vibration and expansion of the shafts, shock loads and torques. The most destructive for the trunk are considered "shells". In the USSR, a gun was denied registration if 15% of the surface of the entire area of ​​the barrel was covered by them. The location of the "sinks" also matters. They are especially dangerous in the shell entrance and behind the chamber (the so-called peak pressure zones). Small rashes or leavening do not affect the strength of the barrels and the fight of the gun.

Damage to the barrel of the gun in the form of dents alsopose a danger. Metal can exhaust viscosity limit and collapse during a shot. Attention should be paid to the gun with a coupling connection. This is when the barrel and chamber are made separately, and then soldered. In the place of the pairing of the chamber and the trunk may appear a gap. This is dangerous because the shot may turn the chamber.

Trigger mechanism also deservesattention. Fault malfunctioning lead most often to disrupting the hammers from a combat platoon. A rifle can shoot when you shake or fall. The reason for such a trouble is the wear of the protrusions of the engagement of the trigger and the sear, the spring breakage of the sear, the wear of the axes of the landing of the trigger and the sear. A defective fuse should be a mandatory reason for refusing to use this gun for its intended purpose.

Defects Lodges

Some lovers continue to hunt withwrapped with wire or tape boxes, or simply with stabbed butts. In addition to a light injury from a rebounded chip, you can get more serious damage due to an arbitrary or double shot. The reason: the wooden part slightly lifts the ankles whispering or the lock “walks” in the box.

Of course, all the described shortcomings can be tried to eliminate. But for this you need to find a master, and in modern conditions it is not easy.

Registration and deregistration

Purchasing an old hunting rifle leads tothe need to register it. On the question of how to register an old gun without documents, you can get conflicting answers. They all boil down to the complexity of such a process. Theoretically it looks easy. The first thing you need to write a correct explanatory addressed to the head of the Department of licensing and permitting work (OLRR). It is necessary to indicate the origin of the gun without documents (inherited from his grandfather, found in the barn, and so on). Be sure to indicate that you would like not to take the barrel for scrap, and register for yourself. The gun must inspect, rewrite the numbers and make a request to the information center. Make shooting in the pool-sleeve. With a positive result, we get a certificate and put it on the account. Everything.

Realities can lead to another path, slow,with obstacles and delays. In this case, if at the first stage you receive a refusal, all other steps should be taken after going to court and receiving his decision.

It’s easier to register an old shotgun withdocuments. You need to submit the paper on the barrel, confirm your ownership (inheritance, purchase, donation) on it and a package of documents in your name for permission to acquire, store and carry weapons.

The answer to the question of whether to registerold rifle, extremely simple. Yes you can. Get ready to just spend time, money and nerves. In some cases, registration can take place in six months, sometimes it will take several years.

But to deregister an old gun is much easier. To do this, you should contact the police with a statement about the voluntary surrender of the trunk. Weapons inspect, record the number (if there is none, then assign a temporary registration order number) and give you a receipt (one copy is attached to the barrel).

Necessary accessories for care

Properly organized trunk storage canextend his fighting qualities for many years. The lack of care or its inappropriate holding can ruin even the most remarkable gun. It is indisputable that the gun should be kept in a special safe so that no outsider can take it, use it or damage it. The place for the safe must be dry because dampness is the main enemy of iron. Transportation gun must be carried out in a special case (cover).

Inspection, lubrication andcleaning a hunting rifle. Some accessories are required for maintenance. This is a cleaning rod, a variety of tips for it (puff, brush, cherries), a butter dish, two or three pointed wooden sticks. As cleaning materials, thoroughly stretched dry cloths (linen or cotton, bandages) are used, which are stored in such a way that sand or other foreign objects do not fall into them.

Shooting a Hunting Gun

When purchasing all the materials you can proceedto this responsible procedure. How to clean the old gun? Each month, the barrel, even if no one uses it, should be cleaned, all its metal parts should be treated with an oiled rag. Humidity of the air after drying the lubricant can lead to rust. Grease is better to use a thick and sticky, neutral reaction. Old smooth-bore guns without self-loading device can be processed with any oil.

For self-loading barrels should pick brandlubricants according to the requirements specified in the description of the model. Neutral lubrication is easily distinguished from alkaline with a brass sleeve. The darkening of the brass in place lubricant speaks of its alkaline nature. Instead of special lubricants, you can use crude (yellow) petroleum jelly, lard (mutton or beef will do, certainly unsalted). Outside, the gun from moisture well protects beeswax (for this it needs to be dissolved in turpentine or gasoline).

After each shooting, you need to clean the barrel. For this you need hot soapy water. Clean cloth wound on the cleaning rod, you need to punch the barrel. To do this, lower the ends of the trunks into the water, and move the ramrod up and down the channel eight to ten times. Change the cloth on a metal brush and repeat the procedure. At the end of the cleaning rinse with clean water and wipe dry from the inside and outside. Treat with neutral grease. Soapy water copes well with fresh soot, softens rust, removes leaded. Caring for old kurkovymi guns is almost the same as for other types of trunks for hunting.

From time to time you should pay attention towooden parts of the gun. Birch and beech butts should be inspected for cracks in the lacquer coating, chips. Places inset metal parts even though occasionally need to carefully handle natural linseed oil. Scrub the damages from paint residues, coat with stain to obtain the desired color and apply lacquer in several layers. Cracks in the forearm will disappear after the longitudinal milling of its lower part (cutting thickness is about 1.5 mm). Observing such simple rules, it is possible to achieve that even the oldest rifles will look like new.