Rational nature management and its principles

60th years of the twentieth century became decisivetime for the ecological field: it was then that representatives of science realized that rational nature management is a necessary measure, without which our resources will quickly be consumed.

The attention of the scientific world to this problem wasis caused by actively developing industry, which, although it showed rapid progress, created comfortable conditions for living, developed the economy, but at the same time it also exhausted resources and contributed to ecosystem disruption.

What is environmental management?

Under the nature use means the possibilityuse of resources and environmental properties. They can be economic, ecological, health and cultural. Depending on this classification, the forms of nature management are also divided: health, cultural, ecological and economic, the latter of which is the leading one. These four forms, in turn, are divided into two, depending on the specific use: special and general.

Almost all these forms of nature use are subject to state control, and this is part of environmental policy.

Rational nature management is a systemthe interaction of mankind with nature, which consists in the planned transformation of the environment taking into account the use of those resources that are not renewed, and state control plays an important role here.

The power structures of the states are trying toto control the use of nature through legislative acts: for example, the form of general nature management does not imply a special permit. This category includes the use of water and air.

But special environmental managementis carried out exclusively on the basis of a permit issued by the responsible authorities to individuals or legal entities. Special treats include the use of subsoil, land, forest and wildlife.

Principles of rational nature management

Since renewable and non-renewablenatural resources with active and unrestricted use can be exhausted, it becomes necessary to formulate principles for the rational use of natural resources.

1. Planning and forecast. Rational nature management implies a scientific approach to the analysis of the situation associated with natural resources. For this purpose, commissions are organized that collect data and examine the state of resources, and on the basis of the data obtained, a report is made that serves to resolve one of the types of management: soft or hard.
2. Systems approach. This principle implies a comprehensive assessment of how production affects the environment. The fact is that ecological systems are interrelated, and therefore, with an emphasis on one area of ​​resources, there is a risk of depleting others (for example, increasing fertility through active irrigation).
3. Optimization. This principle is based on the fact that when saving resources, it is necessary to pay attention to the economic sector of the region.
4. Complex use. According to this principle, it is better to build industrial enterprises in a certain area, taking into account the possibility of using many resources. This is done in order to pollute a smaller area.
5. Introduction of ecological and economic systems. The purpose of this principle is to develop and install such systems that less pollute the environment and at the same time consume less resources. The most popular example is wind power stations. They have spread in Western Europe, but, nevertheless, they harm the person because of the vibration that they create during work. Therefore, they need to be built several kilometers from populated areas.

Thus, it can be said that compliance with these principles, taking into account modern environmental problems, can reduce the harm caused by humans, only partially.